TIME AND TENSE

Time is a non grammatical terms while Tense is a grammatical terms. 
समय व्याकरण का कोई पद नही होता है जबकि काल (Tense) व्याकरण का एक पद होता है। 
             Tense is the studied of verb forms. 
          क्रिया के रूपों का अध्ययन काल (Tense) कहलाता है। 

According to Time , There are three kinds of Tense
    समय के अनुसार, काल ( Tense) के तीन भेद होते हैं
                             TENSE (काल) 
      1. Present Tense ( वर्तमान काल) 
      2. Past Tense (भूतकाल) 
      3. Future Tense(भविष्य काल) 
1.PRESENT TENSE : -  The time is running is called 'Present Tense'. 
समय जो अभी चल रहा है Present Tense कहलाता है। 
            There are four kinds of Present Tense
I. Simple Present Tense or
Present Indefinite Tense
II. Present Continuous Tense or
Present Imperfect Tense or
Present Progressive Tense
III. Present Perfect Tense
IV. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

Now 
I. Study of SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
पहचान(Identity) :- जिस हिंदी क्रिया के अंत में ता है, ती है, ते हैं, ता हूँ........................... इत्यादि हो तो वे सभी वाक्य SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE के अंतर्गत आते हैं। 
Structure:- Sub+V1/V5 +obj.
He, She, It, Name      -       V1
I, We, You, They, Names- V5
V1         + S/es           =           V5
Go         +es               =  goes
Teach    +es               =  Teaches
Play       +S                 =  Plays
Eat         + S                =  Eats
Note:- जिस भी क्रिया (Verb) के अंत मे sh, ch, o, S इत्यादि हो तो उसमें +es जोड़ दिया जाता है। बाकी जितने भी verbs है लगभग सभी मे सिर्फ +S जोड़ा जाता है। 
Examples:
1. सूर्य पूरब में उगता है। 
The Sun rises in the East. 
2. हमलोग अपने बड़ों का आदर करते हैं। 
We respect our elders. 
3. वह मेरी सहायता करता है। 
He helps me. 
4. मै उसे पढाता हूँ। 
I teach him. 
5. पक्षियाँ आकाश में उड़ती हैं। 
The birds fly in the sky. 
          
     More Examples:
I. The stars twinkle in the sky. 
II. She writes a letter. 
III. We help each other. 
IV. Indian farmer labour hard. 
V. Radha sings a song. 

       Negative :

Structure :-  Sub+ do/ does + not+ V1 +obj.
                                            Or
                        Sub+don't /doesn't+V1+obj.
जब subject के रूप में
He, She, it, Name- Does        
I, We, You, They, Names- Do  का  उपयोग  होता  है। 
Examples:
1. मेरा भाई विद्यालय नही जाता है। 
My brother doesn't go to school. 
2. वह झूठ नही बोलती है। 
She doesn't tell a lie. 
3. सीता पत्र नहीं लिखती है। 
Sita doesn't write a letter. 
4. मै उसे नही बुलाता हूँ। 
I don't call him. 
5. आपलोग गोपालगंज जाते हैं। 
You go to Gopalganj. 
 
More Examples:
I don't know you. 
You don't know me. 
Radha doesn't sing a song. 
Raju doesn't eat a mango. 
Mohan doesn't cook food. 

            Yes/No Interrogative :

Affirmative 
Structure: Do/Does + Sub+ V1+obj+? 
Examples :
  Do you love me? 
  Do you know me? 
  Does Ram kill Ravan? 
  Does Sita cook food? 
  Does Gopal go to market? 

Negative
Structure : Do/Does +Sub+not+V1+obj+? 
                                   Or
                      Don't / Doesn't + Sub+V1 + obj+? 
Example:
Doesn't he help you? 
Do I not invite you? 
Does Sita not cook food? 
Do you eat a mango? 
Does Ram kill Ravan? 
    

                Wh-interrogative

Affirmative
Structure:- Wh- word+ do/does+V1+obj+? 
  Example :
Why do you love me ? 
Where does Sita cook food ? 
Why does She remember this lesson? 
What do you know ? 
Why do you tell a lie? 

Negative 
Structure:- Wh-word+do/does+Sub+not +V1+obj+? 
                             Or
Wh-word+don't /doesn't+Sub+V1+obj+? 
Examples:
Why don't you love me ? 
Where does Sita not cook food? 
Why doesn't she remember this lesson ? 
What do you not know? 
Why do you not tell a lie? 

More Examples:-

  • Raj eats bread and butter before going to school.
  • Emma watches cartoons every day.
  • Izzy drinks milk every night before going to bed.
  • Johnny goes to the gym daily.
  • We go to school daily.
  • Smita reads the newspaper every day.
  • The Sun rises in the East.
  • It rains heavily during the monsoons.
  • The planets revolve around the Sun.
  • The United States of America’s President stays in the White House.
  • Bears hibernate during the winter.
  • The President of India commands the Indian Army.
  • The sun sets in the west.
  • We produce lasers for cosmetic surgery.
  • They move into their new home next week.
  • So, I go to Mr. D and say “I deserve a better mark in this class”.
  • Jones stops in mid-court and passes the ball to Schuster.
  • Why does Sohan play cricket? 
  • Why does Raju cook food? 
  • Why does Sita sing a song?